Bruce Linton, Ph.D.
4 min readNov 2, 2023

Who was your father?…who are you?

Father and Son

Who Was Your Father…Who Are You?

Understanding and Redefining Fatherhood

In the son’s voice, the father’s silence finds sound, and in the son’s life, the father’s enigmas unfold — thus mused Friedrich Nietzsche. The question of paternal influence is a timeless contemplation, yet for the contemporary man, the advent of fatherhood is an odyssey through an often-untold familial legacy.

In my dual journey as a psychotherapist and a father, I have delved into the paternal psyche, exploring the perplexities that shadow modern fatherhood. Men stepping into the paternal role confront a profound interrogation of what “father” signifies to them. This introspection often surfaces a tumult of emotions — sadness, loneliness, frustration, anger, and ambivalence — stirred by reflections of their own fathers’ presence, or the gaping void of their absence.

During the introspective sessions of fathers’ groups I facilitate, we collectively navigate the tumultuous waters of paternal legacy. Many find themselves tethered to the examples set by their fathers, for better or worse, and it is within this community that we strive to reconcile with our paternal past. The challenge is not insignificant; men often grapple with the limitations imposed by a father who was either physically distant or emotionally detached. Others, haunted by the specter of abusive forefathers, confront the fear of perpetuating a cycle of hurt.

Yet, in questioning the sufficiency of our fathers as the sole mentors of parenting, a broader horizon beckons. Must we be confined to the paternal blueprints passed down to us? Where do we seek a more expansive understanding of fatherhood?

The search for a universal prototype, as proposed by depth-psychologist Carl Jung — the ‘archetype’ — led me to a surprising revelation. While motherhood enjoys a near-universal representation through the ‘Madonna and Child’ motif, fatherhood possesses no such constancy. This archetype disparity speaks volumes. The maternal archetype, underpinned by the biological constants of pregnancy and childbirth, commands a relatively stable depiction worldwide. Fatherhood, however, does not enjoy such representational stability; it is a mosaic of images and roles, varying dramatically across cultures and epochs.

This realization is both daunting and liberating: fatherhood is predominantly a social construct. It morphs with the cultural winds, the ticking clock of history, and the pressing needs of society. Fathers are not bound by an inherited script on how to parent. This revelation invites men to release the gaze fixed upon their own fathers for direction or the assignment of blame.

Men are now encouraged to embark on a voyage of self-discovery and worldly exploration to ascertain the kind of father they aspire to be. It is a call to turn to one another, father to father, and foster a collaborative learning environment, one where nurturing and positive relationships with children can flourish.

Understanding what it means to be a father is a deeply personal expedition, unique to every man. It demands the courage to question, the strength to redefine, and the willingness to embody the paternal role one envisions. While daunting, this journey is replete with the promise of heartfelt rewards. For those who dare to traverse this path, it is a passage marked by the exchange of wisdom and support among peers — a path where, especially in our times, the opportunity to consciously participate in our children’s lives is unprecedented.

In a world where gender roles are rapidly evolving and where the traditional family structure is continually reimagined, the role of the father becomes ever more crucial and yet more fluid. The modern father can no longer afford to rely on outdated paradigms; instead, he must seek to balance strength with sensitivity, authority with empathy, and the provision of guidance with the space for his children to grow independently.

It’s an era where men can redefine fatherhood, not as a rigid mantle passed down through generations but as a dynamic and evolving relationship. Today, a father can be a provider, a caregiver, a mentor, and a friend, all rolled into one. As we witness the blurring of roles, the modern father emerges as a figure who embraces the full spectrum of human emotion and experience, who values the importance of being present, both physically and emotionally, in the lives of his children.

The narrative of fatherhood is being rewritten, and men are the authors of this new chapter. It’s a remarkable time to be a father — a time for seizing the moment, for shaping the future, for nurturing the next generation with a consciousness that embraces both legacy and innovation.

So to every man who has embarked on the sacred journey of fatherhood, I say: The moment is yours. Embrace it. It’s a great time to be a father.

Bruce Linton, Ph.D.

Consulting Psychotherapist, working with fathers, men. Founder of the Fathers' Forum Programs www.fathersforum.com Artist and curator www.japanbrush.com